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What is an absence seizure and how should it be managed in first aid?

An absence seizure is a type of generalised seizure that causes a short, sudden lapse in awareness and responsiveness. These seizures are most common in children but can occur at any age. They are caused by abnormal electrical activity affecting both sides of the brain. Because they often last only a few seconds and do not involve collapse or convulsions, absence seizures are sometimes mistaken for daydreaming or inattentiveness.

During an absence seizure, the person may suddenly stop what they are doing, stare blankly into space, and appear unresponsive. They may also make small, repetitive movements such as blinking, lip smacking, or slight hand gestures. After the seizure, they quickly resume normal activity without realising what has happened. Episodes can occur many times a day, which may affect learning, safety, and daily functioning.

In a first aid context, absence seizures typically do not require emergency intervention. However, staying with the person and ensuring they are safe from hazards (such as traffic or machinery) is important. Reassure them afterwards and record details of the event, including its duration and frequency, to help with medical management.

Call 000 if:

  • The seizure lasts longer than usual.
  • The person has multiple seizures without recovery in between.
  • The seizure occurs in water or a dangerous environment.
  • The person does not regain full awareness quickly.

Recognising absence seizures is important so that they are not dismissed as simple distraction. Early diagnosis and treatment can help reduce their impact on daily life.

Absence seizures are short lapses in awareness, often with staring or subtle movements, and usually end quickly.

Signs and symptoms:

  • Sudden pause in activity or speech

  • Blank stare or unresponsiveness

  • Small movements like blinking or lip smacking

  • Brief loss of awareness (seconds)

  • Immediate return to normal activity afterwards

First aid for absence seizures:

  • Stay with the person until the seizure ends.

  • Keep them safe and guide them from hazards if needed.

  • Reassure them once they are alert.

  • Note the duration and frequency of seizures.

  • Seek medical advice if seizures are frequent or prolonged.

Takeaway to Remember

An absence seizure is a brief lapse in awareness caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain. The person may stare blankly or make small movements, and episodes are often mistaken for daydreaming.